Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb peiner

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The English translation of the French verb peiner is “to struggle” or “to toil”. The infinitive form, peiner, is pronounced as “pen-AY”.

The word peiner comes from the Latin word “poena”, which means “punishment” or “pain”. It entered the French language in the 12th century and originally meant “to inflict punishment”. Over time, its meaning evolved to refer to any kind of difficulty or struggle.

In everyday French, peiner is most often used in the Plus-que-parfait tense, which is the past perfect tense. This tense is used to talk about an action that had already been completed before another action in the past.

Here are three examples of peiner used in the Plus-que-parfait tense with their English translations:

  1. J’avais peiné toute la journée pour terminer ce projet avant la deadline. (I had struggled all day to finish this project before the deadline.)

  2. Tu avais peiné à trouver un cadeau pour ta mère. (You had struggled to find a gift for your mother.)

  3. Les ouvriers avaient peiné pendant des mois pour construire ce pont. (The workers had toiled for months to build this bridge.)

Table of the Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of peiner

Pronoun Conjugation Short Example English Translation
je j’avais peiné J’avais peiné toute la journée. I had struggled all day.
tu tu avais peiné Tu avais peiné à comprendre. You had struggled to understand.
il il avait peiné Il avait peiné à finir son travail. He had struggled to finish his work.
elle elle avait peiné Elle avait peiné à trouver la solution. She had struggled to find the solution.
on on avait peiné On avait peiné à porter les lourdes valises. One had struggled to carry the heavy suitcases.
nous nous avions peiné Nous avions peiné à convaincre nos parents. We had struggled to convince our parents.
vous vous aviez peiné Vous aviez peiné à escalader la montagne. You had struggled to climb the mountain.
ils ils avaient peiné Ils avaient peiné à résoudre le problème. They had struggled to solve the problem.
elles elles avaient peiné Elles avaient peiné à terminer le projet. They had struggled to finish the project.

Other Conjugations for Peiner.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner     (this article)

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb peiner

    Struggling with French verbs or the language in general? Why not use our free French Grammar Checker – no registration required!
   

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Peiner – About the French Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense

The French “plus-que-parfait” tense is a past tense used to express actions or events that occurred before another past action or event. It is often translated to English as the “pluperfect” tense. The name “plus-que-parfait” literally means “more than perfect,” indicating that it is a tense used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Tense Formation

To form the plus-que-parfait tense, you typically use the auxiliary verb “avoir” (to have) or “être” (to be) in the imperfect tense, followed by the past participle of the main verb. Here are the conjugations for both auxiliary verbs:
1. With “avoir” as the auxiliary verb:
   – J’avais mangé (I had eaten)
   – Tu avais parlé (You had spoken)
   – Il/elle/on avait fini (He/She/One had finished)
   – Nous avions lu (We had read)
   – Vous aviez choisi (You had chosen)
   – Ils/elles avaient joué (They had played)
2. With “être” as the auxiliary verb (usually for intransitive verbs or verbs indicating a state):
   – J’étais parti(e) (I had left)
   – Tu étais arrivé(e) (You had arrived)
   – Il/elle/on était tombé(e) (He/She/One had fallen)
   – Nous étions resté(e)s (We had stayed)
   – Vous étiez né(e)(s) (You had been born)
   – Ils/elles étaient monté(e)s (They had gone up)

Common everyday usage patterns

Sequencing of past events

The plus-que-parfait is used to express a past action that happened before another past action. For example, “J’avais mangé avant qu’il ne soit arrivé” (I had eaten before he arrived).

Background information

It is also used to provide background information or set the stage for a main past event. For instance, “Quand je suis arrivé, ils avaient déjà fini de manger” (When I arrived, they had already finished eating).

Hypothetical or reported speech

In indirect speech, the plus-que-parfait is used to report what someone had said or thought in the past. For example, “Il avait dit qu’il viendrait demain” (He had said that he would come tomorrow).

Interactions with other tenses

– The plus-que-parfait is often used in conjunction with the passé composé (simple past) to establish the sequence of past events. The passé composé describes the more recent action, while the plus-que-parfait describes the action that occurred earlier.
– It can also be used with the conditional mood to express a hypothetical past event, like “Si j’avais su, j’aurais agi différemment” (If I had known, I would have acted differently).
– When used in reported speech, it can be combined with the conditional mood or the imperfect subjunctive to reflect the original mood and tense of the reported statement.

Summary

The French plus-que-parfait tense is an essential part of the language for expressing past actions that occurred before other past actions, providing background information, and reporting past statements or thoughts. It is an integral component of constructing complex and accurate narratives in French.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb peiner. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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