Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb baratter

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The English translation of the French verb baratter is “to swindle” or “to defraud.” The infinitive form is pronounced as “bah-rah-tay.”

The word baratter comes from the Latin word “baratus,” meaning “to cheat.” It is most often used in everyday French to describe fraudulent or deceitful actions. In the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, it is used to express a past action that may or may not have happened, often adding a sense of regret or doubt.

Here are three simple examples of baratter being used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, along with their English translations:

  1. J’avais peur qu’il eût baratté mes économies. (I was afraid that he had swindled my savings.)
  2. Il m’avait menti en disant qu’il n’eût pas baratté ses collègues. (He had lied to me by saying that he had not defrauded his colleagues.)
  3. Nous étions furieux que les politiciens eussent baratté les fonds publics. (We were furious that the politicians had embezzled public funds.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of baratter

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse baratté Si j’avais pu, je eusse baratté. If I could, I would have churned.
tu eusses baratté Si tu avais pu, tu eusses baratté. If you could, you would have churned.
il eût baratté Si il avait pu, il eût baratté. If he could, he would have churned.
elle eût baratté Si elle avait pu, elle eût baratté. If she could, she would have churned.
on eût baratté Si on avait pu, on eût baratté. If one could, one would have churned.
nous eussions baratté Si nous avions pu, nous eussions baratté. If we could, we would have churned.
vous eussiez baratté Si vous aviez pu, vous eussiez baratté. If you could, you would have churned.
ils eussent baratté Si ils avaient pu, ils eussent baratté. If they could, they would have churned.
elles eussent baratté Si elles avaient pu, elles eussent baratté. If they could, they would have churned.

Other Conjugations for Baratter.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb baratter
    (this article)

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Baratter – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb baratter. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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