Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb cravacher

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The English translation of the French verb cravacher is “to whip” or “to beat”. It is pronounced as “kra-vah-shay” in its infinitive form.

The word “cravacher” has its roots in the Old French word “cravache”, which means “a riding whip”. It is derived from the word “cravate”, which is the French word for “tie”. This is because in the past, horsemen used to wrap their ties around the whip handle to give it a better grip.

In everyday French, the verb cravacher is most often used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense to express a wish or desire that is in the past and could not have been fulfilled. This tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb “avoir” in the subjunctive imperfect form followed by the past participle of the verb.

Here are three simple examples of its usage in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, along with their English translations:

  1. J’aurais aimé que tu aies cravaché plus fort pour gagner la course. (I wish you had whipped harder to win the race.)
  2. Il aurait fallu qu’elle ait cravaché plus tôt pour terminer le projet à temps. (It would have been necessary for her to have whipped earlier to finish the project on time.)
  3. Nous aurions préféré que vous ayez cravaché davantage pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats. (We would have preferred you to have whipped more to achieve better results.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of cravacher

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse cravaché J’aurais aimé que je eusse cravaché. I wish I had whipped.
tu eusses cravaché J’aurais aimé que tu eusses cravaché. I wish you had whipped.
il eût cravaché J’aurais aimé qu’il eût cravaché. I wish he had whipped.
elle eût cravaché J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût cravaché. I wish she had whipped.
on eût cravaché J’aurais aimé qu’on eût cravaché. I wish one had whipped.
nous eussions cravaché J’aurais aimé que nous eussions cravaché. I wish we had whipped.
vous eussiez cravaché J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez cravaché. I wish you had whipped.
ils eussent cravaché J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent cravaché. I wish they had whipped.
elles eussent cravaché J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent cravaché. I wish they had whipped.

Other Conjugations for Cravacher.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cravacher
    (this article)

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Cravacher – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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