Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb criminaliser

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The English translation of the French verb criminaliser is “to criminalize.” It is pronounced as “kree-mee-nah-lee-zay” in its infinitive form.

Criminaliser comes from the Latin word “criminālis,” which means “relating to crime.” It entered the French language in the 17th century. In everyday French, criminaliser is used to describe the action of making something a crime or declaring it illegal.

In the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, criminaliser is used to express a past action that should have been criminalized or declared illegal. Here are three examples of its usage in this tense with their English translations:

  1. J’avais proposé de criminaliser le vol à l’étalage, mais personne n’a écouté. (I had proposed to criminalize shoplifting, but nobody listened.)
  2. Il était temps que la société prenne des mesures pour criminaliser les violences domestiques. (It was time for society to take measures to criminalize domestic violence.)
  3. Si j’avais été au pouvoir, j’aurais criminalisé la corruption dès le début. (If I had been in power, I would have criminalized corruption from the beginning.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of criminaliser

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse criminalisé Il semblait que j’eusse criminalisé. It seemed like I had criminalized.
tu eusses criminalisé Il semblait que tu eusses criminalisé. It seemed like you had criminalized.
il eût criminalisé Il semblait qu’il eût criminalisé. It seemed like he had criminalized.
elle eût criminalisé Il semblait qu’elle eût criminalisé. It seemed like she had criminalized.
on eût criminalisé Il semblait qu’on eût criminalisé. It seemed like one had criminalized.
nous eussions criminalisé Il semblait que nous eussions criminalisé. It seemed like we had criminalized.
vous eussiez criminalisé Il semblait que vous eussiez criminalisé. It seemed like you had criminalized.
ils eussent criminalisé Il semblait qu’ils eussent criminalisé. It seemed like they had criminalized.
elles eussent criminalisé Il semblait qu’elles eussent criminalisé. It seemed like they had criminalized.

Other Conjugations for Criminaliser.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb criminaliser
    (this article)

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Criminaliser – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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