Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb handicaper

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The English translation of the French verb handicaper is “to handicap.” It is pronounced as “ahn-dee-kah-pay” in the infinitive form.

The word “handicaper” comes from the French word “handicap,” which is derived from the phrase “hand in cap,” a game where one player puts their hand in a cap and the other players make bets on which hand is holding an object. The word “handicap” eventually came to refer to a disadvantage or challenge that one must overcome.

In everyday French, the verb handicaper is most commonly used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense to express a hypothetical or unreal past action. This tense is formed using the auxiliary verb “avoir” in the imperfect subjunctive form followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Example 1: Il aurait été handicapé si sa jambe s’était cassée. (He would have been handicapped if his leg had broken.)

Example 2: Nous aurions été handicapés si nous n’avions pas eu de voiture. (We would have been handicapped if we didn’t have a car.)

Example 3: Si je n’avais pas fait cette erreur, j’aurais handicapé leur projet. (If I hadn’t made that mistake, I would have handicapped their project.)

Translations:

Example 1: He would have been handicapped if his leg had broken.

Example 2: We would have been handicapped if we didn’t have a car.

Example 3: If I hadn’t made that mistake, I would have handicapped their project.

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of handicaper

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse handicapé J’aurais aimé que je eusse handicapé. I wish I had handicapped.
tu eusses handicapé J’aurais aimé que tu eusses handicapé. I wish you had handicapped.
il eût handicapé J’aurais aimé qu’il eût handicapé. I wish he had handicapped.
elle eût handicapé J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût handicapé. I wish she had handicapped.
on eût handicapé J’aurais aimé qu’on eût handicapé. I wish one had handicapped.
nous eussions handicapé J’aurais aimé que nous eussions handicapé. I wish we had handicapped.
vous eussiez handicapé J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez handicapé. I wish you had handicapped.
ils eussent handicapé J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent handicapé. I wish they had handicapped.
elles eussent handicapé J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent handicapé. I wish they had handicapped.

Other Conjugations for Handicaper.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb handicaper
    (this article)

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Handicaper – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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