L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb déférer

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The English translation of the French verb déférer is “to refer” or “to submit.” It is pronounced as “deh-feh-rer.”

The word déférer comes from the Latin word “deferre” which means “to bring or carry down.” It entered the French language in the 12th century and has evolved to have the meaning of “to bring before a higher authority” or “to submit to someone’s decision or judgment.”

In everyday French, déférer is most often used in the L’infinitif Présent tense to express an action that is being carried out in the present or future.

Here are three simple examples of its usage in this tense:

  1. Je vais déférer cette affaire au tribunal. (I am going to refer this case to the court.)

  2. Ils ont décidé de déférer à l’autorité de leurs parents. (They have decided to submit to the authority of their parents.)

  3. Elle a refusé de déférer à la demande de son patron. (She refused to comply with her boss’s request.)

Table of the L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of déférer

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je défère Je défère au jugement d’autrui. I defer to the judgment of others.
tu défères Tu défères à ses demandes. You comply with his requests.
il défère Il défère à ses supérieurs. He defers to his superiors.
elle défère Elle défère à la tradition. She adheres to tradition.
on défère On défère aux lois en vigueur. We abide by current laws.
nous déférons Nous déférons à ses exigences. We comply with his demands.
vous déférez Vous déférez à ses recommandations. You abide by his recommendations.
ils défèrent Ils défèrent à leur aîné. They defer to their elder.
elles défèrent Elles défèrent à leurs parents. They defer to their parents.

Other Conjugations for Déférer.

Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer 

L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer

L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb déférer  (this article)

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Déférer – About the French L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense

BEFORE you continue…. why not take a deep dive into all the French tenses with my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.
The French “l’infinitif présent” (Infinitive Present) tense is not a true verb tense in the same way that the present, past, or future tenses are. Instead, it’s the base form of a verb, and it has several important uses and interactions with other tenses.

Forming the Infinitive Present

To form the infinitive present of a verb, you typically take the unconjugated form of the verb (the form you’d find in a French dictionary) and remove the ending. For regular verbs, you remove the -er, -ir, or -re ending, and you’re left with the infinitive. For example:
   – Parler (to speak)
   – Finir (to finish)
   – Vendre (to sell)

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

As a Verb’s Dictionary Form

The most common use of the infinitive present is to represent a verb in its base form. It’s the form you would find in a dictionary or verb conjugation table.

After Modal Verbs

When you use modal verbs like “pouvoir” (can), “vouloir” (want), or “devoir” (must), the verb that follows is in its infinitive form. For example:
     – Je veux manger. (I want to eat.)
     – Il peut parler français. (He can speak French.)

As an Imperative

In informal commands, the infinitive is often used. For example:
     – Ferme la porte. (Close the door.)

In Infinitive Clauses

In complex sentences, especially after certain conjunctions, the infinitive is used to express actions that are separate from the main verb. For example:
     – J’ai besoin de manger avant de partir. (I need to eat before leaving.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Tense

The infinitive present can be used with the present tense to express ongoing actions or habitual actions. For example:
     – J’aime manger des croissants. (I like eating croissants.)

Future Tense

When combined with the future tense of “aller,” the infinitive present can express future actions. For example:
     – Je vais manger au restaurant demain. (I am going to eat at the restaurant tomorrow.)

Conditional Tense

The infinitive present is often used with the conditional to express actions that would happen in a hypothetical situation. For example:

     – Il mangerait s’il avait faim. (He would eat if he were hungry.)

Passé Composé

When forming compound tenses like “passé composé,” the auxiliary verb (être or avoir) is conjugated, and the main verb remains in its infinitive form. For example:
     – J’ai mangé une pomme. (I ate an apple.)
     – Elle est partie. (She left.)

Imperfect Tense

The infinitive present can be combined with the imperfect tense to describe ongoing or habitual actions in the past. For example:
     – Quand j’étais enfant, j’aimais jouer. (When I was a child, I liked to play.)

Subjunctive and Conditional Moods

In some complex sentences, the infinitive can be used with the subjunctive and conditional moods, especially when expressing uncertainty, possibility, or doubt.

Summary

The infinitive present in French serves as the base form of a verb and is used in various contexts, including after modal verbs, in imperative commands, in infinitive clauses, and in combination with other tenses to convey a wide range of meanings and actions. Its flexibility makes it a fundamental part of French grammar.

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