L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb espionner

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The English translation of the French verb espionner is “to spy.” It is pronounced as “es-pee-oh-nay” in its infinitive form.

The word “espionner” comes from the Old French word “espion,” meaning “spy.” It is derived from the Latin word “specere” which means “to look.”

In everyday French, espionner is most often used in the L’infinitif Présent (infinitive present) tense. This tense is used to express an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can also be used as an imperative, giving a command to someone.

Here are three simple examples of the usage of espionner in L’infinitif Présent tense, with their respective English translations:

  1. Je déteste quand tu essaies de m’espionner. (I hate it when you try to spy on me.)

  2. Elle aime espionner ses voisins par la fenêtre. (She enjoys spying on her neighbors through the window.)

  3. N’espionnez pas vos amis, c’est mal! (Don’t spy on your friends, it’s wrong!)

Table of the L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of espionner

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je espionne Je t’espionne souvent. I spy on you often.
tu espionnes Tu m’espionnes secrètement. You spy on me secretly.
il espionne Il espionne des pays étrangers. He spies on foreign countries.
elle espionne Elle espionne pour son travail. She spies for her job.
on espionne On espionne nos ennemis. We spy on our enemies.
nous espionnons Nous espionnons nos voisins. We spy on our neighbors.
vous espionnez Vous espionnez les emails de vos employés. You spy on your employees’ emails.
ils espionnent Ils espionnent les conversations téléphoniques. They spy on phone conversations.
elles espionnent Elles espionnent pour le compte de leur gouvernement. They spy on behalf of their government.

Other Conjugations for Espionner.

Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner 

L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner

L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb espionner  (this article)

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Espionner – About the French L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense

BEFORE you continue…. why not take a deep dive into all the French tenses with my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.
The French “l’infinitif présent” (Infinitive Present) tense is not a true verb tense in the same way that the present, past, or future tenses are. Instead, it’s the base form of a verb, and it has several important uses and interactions with other tenses.

Forming the Infinitive Present

To form the infinitive present of a verb, you typically take the unconjugated form of the verb (the form you’d find in a French dictionary) and remove the ending. For regular verbs, you remove the -er, -ir, or -re ending, and you’re left with the infinitive. For example:
   – Parler (to speak)
   – Finir (to finish)
   – Vendre (to sell)

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

As a Verb’s Dictionary Form

The most common use of the infinitive present is to represent a verb in its base form. It’s the form you would find in a dictionary or verb conjugation table.

After Modal Verbs

When you use modal verbs like “pouvoir” (can), “vouloir” (want), or “devoir” (must), the verb that follows is in its infinitive form. For example:
     – Je veux manger. (I want to eat.)
     – Il peut parler français. (He can speak French.)

As an Imperative

In informal commands, the infinitive is often used. For example:
     – Ferme la porte. (Close the door.)

In Infinitive Clauses

In complex sentences, especially after certain conjunctions, the infinitive is used to express actions that are separate from the main verb. For example:
     – J’ai besoin de manger avant de partir. (I need to eat before leaving.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Tense

The infinitive present can be used with the present tense to express ongoing actions or habitual actions. For example:
     – J’aime manger des croissants. (I like eating croissants.)

Future Tense

When combined with the future tense of “aller,” the infinitive present can express future actions. For example:
     – Je vais manger au restaurant demain. (I am going to eat at the restaurant tomorrow.)

Conditional Tense

The infinitive present is often used with the conditional to express actions that would happen in a hypothetical situation. For example:

     – Il mangerait s’il avait faim. (He would eat if he were hungry.)

Passé Composé

When forming compound tenses like “passé composé,” the auxiliary verb (être or avoir) is conjugated, and the main verb remains in its infinitive form. For example:
     – J’ai mangé une pomme. (I ate an apple.)
     – Elle est partie. (She left.)

Imperfect Tense

The infinitive present can be combined with the imperfect tense to describe ongoing or habitual actions in the past. For example:
     – Quand j’étais enfant, j’aimais jouer. (When I was a child, I liked to play.)

Subjunctive and Conditional Moods

In some complex sentences, the infinitive can be used with the subjunctive and conditional moods, especially when expressing uncertainty, possibility, or doubt.

Summary

The infinitive present in French serves as the base form of a verb and is used in various contexts, including after modal verbs, in imperative commands, in infinitive clauses, and in combination with other tenses to convey a wide range of meanings and actions. Its flexibility makes it a fundamental part of French grammar.

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