Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb pénétrer

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The English translation of the French verb pénétrer is “to penetrate” or “to enter.” It is pronounced as “peh-nay-tray.”

Pénétrer comes from the Latin word “penetrare,” meaning “to enter” or “to penetrate.” It entered the French language in the late 14th century. In everyday French, pénétrer is most often used in the Plus-que-parfait tense, which is the past perfect tense. This tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past.

  1. J’avais pénétré dans la maison avant que la pluie ne commence. (I had entered the house before the rain started.)
  2. Nous avions pénétré dans la pièce avant que le voleur ne s’enfuit. (We had entered the room before the thief escaped.)
  3. Ils avaient pénétré dans le musée avant que les portes ne ferment. (They had entered the museum before the doors closed.)

Overall, pénétrer is commonly used in everyday French to describe physical entry or penetration, but it can also be used in a more figurative sense, such as “to understand” or “to influence.”

Table of the Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of pénétrer

Pronoun Conjugation Short Example English Translation
je j’avais pénétré J’avais pénétré dans la salle. I had entered the room.
tu tu avais pénétré Tu avais pénétré dans le magasin. You had entered the store.
il il avait pénétré Il avait pénétré dans le bâtiment. He had entered the building.
elle elle avait pénétré Elle avait pénétré dans la maison. She had entered the house.
on on avait pénétré On avait pénétré dans le parc. One had entered the park.
nous nous avions pénétré Nous avions pénétré dans la grotte. We had entered the cave.
vous vous aviez pénétré Vous aviez pénétré dans le musée. You had entered the museum.
ils ils avaient pénétré Ils avaient pénétré dans la forêt. They had entered the forest.
elles elles avaient pénétré Elles avaient pénétré dans le jardin. They had entered the garden.

Other Conjugations for Pénétrer.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer     (this article)

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb pénétrer

    Struggling with French verbs or the language in general? Why not use our free French Grammar Checker – no registration required!
   

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Pénétrer – About the French Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense

The French “plus-que-parfait” tense is a past tense used to express actions or events that occurred before another past action or event. It is often translated to English as the “pluperfect” tense. The name “plus-que-parfait” literally means “more than perfect,” indicating that it is a tense used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Tense Formation

To form the plus-que-parfait tense, you typically use the auxiliary verb “avoir” (to have) or “être” (to be) in the imperfect tense, followed by the past participle of the main verb. Here are the conjugations for both auxiliary verbs:
1. With “avoir” as the auxiliary verb:
   – J’avais mangé (I had eaten)
   – Tu avais parlé (You had spoken)
   – Il/elle/on avait fini (He/She/One had finished)
   – Nous avions lu (We had read)
   – Vous aviez choisi (You had chosen)
   – Ils/elles avaient joué (They had played)
2. With “être” as the auxiliary verb (usually for intransitive verbs or verbs indicating a state):
   – J’étais parti(e) (I had left)
   – Tu étais arrivé(e) (You had arrived)
   – Il/elle/on était tombé(e) (He/She/One had fallen)
   – Nous étions resté(e)s (We had stayed)
   – Vous étiez né(e)(s) (You had been born)
   – Ils/elles étaient monté(e)s (They had gone up)

Common everyday usage patterns

Sequencing of past events

The plus-que-parfait is used to express a past action that happened before another past action. For example, “J’avais mangé avant qu’il ne soit arrivé” (I had eaten before he arrived).

Background information

It is also used to provide background information or set the stage for a main past event. For instance, “Quand je suis arrivé, ils avaient déjà fini de manger” (When I arrived, they had already finished eating).

Hypothetical or reported speech

In indirect speech, the plus-que-parfait is used to report what someone had said or thought in the past. For example, “Il avait dit qu’il viendrait demain” (He had said that he would come tomorrow).

Interactions with other tenses

– The plus-que-parfait is often used in conjunction with the passé composé (simple past) to establish the sequence of past events. The passé composé describes the more recent action, while the plus-que-parfait describes the action that occurred earlier.
– It can also be used with the conditional mood to express a hypothetical past event, like “Si j’avais su, j’aurais agi différemment” (If I had known, I would have acted differently).
– When used in reported speech, it can be combined with the conditional mood or the imperfect subjunctive to reflect the original mood and tense of the reported statement.

Summary

The French plus-que-parfait tense is an essential part of the language for expressing past actions that occurred before other past actions, providing background information, and reporting past statements or thoughts. It is an integral component of constructing complex and accurate narratives in French.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb pénétrer. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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