Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb cercler

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The English translation of the French verb cercler is “to circle” or “to encircle.” The infinitive form is pronounced as “sehr-kluh-ray.”

The word cercler comes from the Latin word circulus, meaning “circle” or “ring.” It is most often used in everyday French to describe the action of drawing or forming a circle around something.

In the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, cercler is used to express a past action that is hypothetical or uncertain. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb avoir or être in the Subjonctif Imparfait tense, followed by the past participle of cercler (cercle).

Here are three examples of cercler used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense with their English translations:

  1. Il fallait que je les aie cerclées avant de les envoyer. (I needed to have circled them before sending them.)

  2. Je regrettais de ne pas avoir cerclé les roues avant de partir. (I regretted not having circled the wheels before leaving.)

  3. Elle souhaitait que tu eusses cerclé le dessin avec un feutre noir. (She wished that you had circled the drawing with a black marker.)

In all of these examples, the use of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense indicates that the action of circling was uncertain or hypothetical in the past.

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of cercler

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse cerclé J’aurais aimé que je eusse cerclé. I wish I had circled.
tu eusses cerclé J’aurais aimé que tu eusses cerclé. I wish you had circled.
il eût cerclé J’aurais aimé qu’il eût cerclé. I wish he had circled.
elle eût cerclé J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût cerclé. I wish she had circled.
on eût cerclé J’aurais aimé qu’on eût cerclé. I wish one had circled.
nous eussions cerclé J’aurais aimé que nous eussions cerclé. I wish we had circled.
vous eussiez cerclé J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez cerclé. I wish you had circled.
ils eussent cerclé J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent cerclé. I wish they had circled.
elles eussent cerclé J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent cerclé. I wish they had circled.

Other Conjugations for Cercler.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb cercler
    (this article)

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Cercler – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb cercler. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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