Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb esquiver

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The English translation of the French verb esquiver is “to dodge” or “to avoid.” The infinitive form is pronounced as [es-kee-vay].

Esquiver comes from the Old French word “esquivier,” which comes from the Latin word “exquivare,” meaning “to avoid.” It is most commonly used in everyday French in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is the past subjunctive tense used to refer to actions that could have taken place before another past action.

Here are three simple examples of using esquiver in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, with their English translations:

  1. J’aurais aimé qu’il esquivât le coup. (I wish he had dodged the blow.)
  2. Elle aurait préféré que je n’esquivasse pas la question. (She would have preferred me not to avoid the question.)
  3. Nous aurions souhaité que vous esquivassiez les problèmes plutôt que de les affronter. (We would have wished for you to dodge the problems instead of confronting them.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of esquiver

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse esquivé J’aurais aimé que je eusse esquivé. I wish I had avoided.
tu eusses esquivé J’aurais aimé que tu eusses esquivé. I wish you had avoided.
il eût esquivé J’aurais aimé qu’il eût esquivé. I wish he had avoided.
elle eût esquivé J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût esquivé. I wish she had avoided.
on eût esquivé J’aurais aimé qu’on eût esquivé. I wish one had avoided.
nous eussions esquivé J’aurais aimé que nous eussions esquivé. I wish we had avoided.
vous eussiez esquivé J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez esquivé. I wish you had avoided.
ils eussent esquivé J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent esquivé. I wish they had avoided.
elles eussent esquivé J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent esquivé. I wish they had avoided.

Other Conjugations for Esquiver.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb esquiver
    (this article)

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Esquiver – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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