Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb indigner

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The English translation of the French verb indigner is “to be outraged” or “to be indignant.” The infinitive form is pronounced as “ahn-dee-nyay.”

The word indigner comes from the Latin verb indignari, meaning “to feel anger” or “to be indignant.” It entered the French language in the 16th century and has been used in everyday speech since then.

In the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, indigner is used to express a past feeling of anger or indignation. This tense is used to talk about something that should have happened in the past, but did not.

Here are three examples of indigner in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, with English translations:

  1. Il était indigné que tu aies manqué le rendez-vous. (He was outraged that you had missed the appointment.)

  2. Nous étions indignés qu’ils aient menti à la police. (We were indignant that they had lied to the police.)

  3. Elle était indignée que je n’aie pas suivi ses conseils. (She was outraged that I had not followed her advice.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of indigner

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris que je eusse indigné? Why should I be surprised that I would have been outraged?
tu eusses indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris que tu eusses indigné? Why should I be surprised that you would have been outraged?
il eût indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris qu’il eût indigné? Why should I be surprised that he would have been outraged?
elle eût indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris qu’elle eût indigné? Why should I be surprised that she would have been outraged?
on eût indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris qu’on eût indigné? Why should I be surprised that one would have been outraged?
nous eussions indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris que nous eussions indigné? Why should I be surprised that we would have been outraged?
vous eussiez indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris que vous eussiez indigné? Why should I be surprised that you would have been outraged?
ils eussent indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris qu’ils eussent indigné? Why should I be surprised that they would have been outraged?
elles eussent indigné Pourquoi est-ce que j’aurais été surpris qu’elles eussent indigné? Why should I be surprised that they would have been outraged?

Other Conjugations for Indigner.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb indigner
    (this article)

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Indigner – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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