Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb chirographier

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The English translation of the French verb chirographier is “to handwrite” or “to write by hand.” It is pronounced as “shee-ro-gra-fee-ay.”

The origin of the word chirographier comes from the Greek word “kheirógraphos,” meaning “handwriting.” It is most often used in everyday French in the Passé Antérieur tense, which is the literary past tense used to describe actions that occurred before another action in the past.

Three simple examples of its usage in the Passé Antérieur tense are:

  1. Je chirographiai ma lettre avant de la poster. (I handwritten my letter before posting it.)
  2. Tu chirographias ta signature sur le contrat. (You handwrote your signature on the contract.)
  3. Il chirographia son nom sur le bordereau. (He handwrote his name on the form.)

In all of these examples, chirographier is used to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past. In English, this tense is often translated as “had + past participle.”

Table of the Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of chirographier

Pronoun Conjugation Short Example English Translation
je j’eusse J’eusse chirographié I had written by hand
tu tu eusses Tu eusses chirographié You had written by hand
il il eût Il eût chirographié He had written by hand
elle elle eût Elle eût chirographié She had written by hand
on on eût On eût chirographié One had written by hand
nous nous eûmes Nous eûmes chirographié We had written by hand
vous vous eûtes Vous eûtes chirographié You had written by hand
ils ils eurent Ils eurent chirographié They had written by hand
elles elles eurent Elles eurent chirographié They had written by hand

Other Conjugations for Chirographier.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier (this article)

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb chirographier

    Struggling with French verbs or the language in general? Why not use our free French Grammar Checker – no registration required!
   

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Chirographier – About the French Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense

The French Passé Antérieur tense, often referred to as the “past anterior” in English, is a literary and formal past tense that is not commonly used in everyday spoken French. It is primarily found in written language, particularly in literature, historical texts, and formal writing. This tense is used to express actions that occurred before another action in the past, serving a similar purpose to the past perfect tense (passé composé) in English.

NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation of the Passé Antérieur

The Passé Antérieur is formed by using the third person singular of the passé simple (simple past) tense of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
The choice between “avoir” and “être” as the auxiliary verb depends on the main verb and its transitivity or intransitivity. Here is the basic structure:
1. For verbs that use “avoir” as the auxiliary verb:
   – J’eus (I had) + past participle (of the main verb)
2. For verbs that use “être” as the auxiliary verb:
   – Je fus (I was) + past participle (of the main verb)

Common Usage Patterns

As mentioned earlier, the Passé Antérieur is primarily used in formal and literary contexts. It is rarely used in everyday spoken French, where the passé composé and imparfait are more commonly used to express past actions. Some common patterns of usage include:

Literature

The Passé Antérieur is frequently used in literature to describe past events in a succinct and formal manner.

Historical Texts

It is used in historical narratives to recount past actions and events.

Formal Writing

In formal and academic writing, the Passé Antérieur can be employed to convey events in the past with a sense of formality and precision.

Interactions with Other Tenses

The Passé Antérieur often interacts with other tenses, especially when narrating past events in a chronological order:

Passé Composé (Present Perfect)

The Passé Antérieur can be used to indicate an action that occurred before another action expressed in the passé composé. For example: “Il eut terminé son travail avant que je ne sois arrivé.” (He had finished his work before I arrived).

Imparfait (Imperfect)

The Passé Antérieur may be used in conjunction with the imparfait to convey a sequence of past actions. For instance: “Elle arriva après que nous eûmes commencé.” (She arrived after we had started).

Futur Antérieur (Future Perfect)

In the context of storytelling or narration, the Passé Antérieur can be used to describe events that happened before a future action expressed in the futur antérieur. For example: “Il partira après qu’il aura fini.” (He will leave after he has finished).

Summary

Passé Antérieur is a formal past tense used in written language and literary contexts to describe actions that occurred before another action in the past. It is not commonly used in everyday spoken French where you should instead use the passé composé and imparfait for discussing past events.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb chirographier. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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