Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb confiner

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The English translation of the French verb confiner is “to confine” or “to restrict.” The infinitive form is pronounced as “koh(n)-fee-neh.”

The word confiner comes from the Latin word “confinare,” which means “to put boundaries around” or “to enclose.” It entered the French language in the 13th century and has since evolved to also mean “to restrict” or “to limit.”

In everyday French, the verb confiner is most often used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is translated as the “past subjunctive” tense in English. This tense is used to express a hypothetical or unreal action that took place before another past action. It is often used in literary or formal contexts.

Here are three examples of its usage in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, with their respective English translations:

  1. Il aurait fallu que tu te confines avant de tomber malade. (You should have confined yourself before getting sick.)
  2. Si j’avais su, je t’aurais confiné chez moi pour te protéger. (If I had known, I would have confined you at my place to protect you.)
  3. Il était nécessaire que la ville entière se confine pour éviter la propagation du virus. (It was necessary for the whole city to confine itself to avoid the spread of the virus.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of confiner

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse confiné J’aurais aimé que je eusse confiné. I wish I had confined.
tu eusses confiné J’aurais aimé que tu eusses confiné. I wish you had confined.
il eût confiné J’aurais aimé qu’il eût confiné. I wish he had confined.
elle eût confiné J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût confiné. I wish she had confined.
on eût confiné J’aurais aimé qu’on eût confiné. I wish one had confined.
nous eussions confiné J’aurais aimé que nous eussions confiné. I wish we had confined.
vous eussiez confiné J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez confiné. I wish you had confined.
ils eussent confiné J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent confiné. I wish they had confined.
elles eussent confiné J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent confiné. I wish they had confined.

Other Conjugations for Confiner.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb confiner
    (this article)

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Confiner – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb confiner. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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