Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb exhorter

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The English translation of the French verb exhorter is “to exhort” or “to urge.” It is pronounced as “eg-zor-tey” in its infinitive form, with the stress on the second syllable.

The word “exhorter” comes from the Latin word “exhortari,” which means “to encourage” or “to admonish.” It entered the French language in the 12th century and has been used in everyday French since then. It is most commonly used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is a past subjunctive tense used to express a hypothetical or unfulfilled action in the past.

Here are three examples of exhorter in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, with their English translations:

  1. J’avais exhorté mes amis à étudier pour l’examen. (I had urged my friends to study for the exam.)
  2. Le professeur avait exhorté ses élèves à être plus attentifs en classe. (The teacher had exhorted his students to be more attentive in class.)
  3. Elle m’avait exhorté à ne pas abandonner mes rêves. (She had urged me not to give up on my dreams.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of exhorter

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse exhorté Ils auraient été contents si j’eusse exhorté les membres. They would have been happy if I had exhorted the members.
tu eusses exhorté Je suis certain que tu eusses exhorté tout le monde. I am certain that you would have exhorted everyone.
il eût exhorté Il est possible qu’il eût exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that he had exhorted people to vote.
elle eût exhorté Il est possible qu’elle eût exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that she had exhorted people to vote.
on eût exhorté Il est possible qu’on eût exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that one had exhorted people to vote.
nous eussions exhorté Il est possible que nous eussions exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that we had exhorted people to vote.
vous eussiez exhorté Il est possible que vous eussiez exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that you had exhorted people to vote.
ils eussent exhorté Il est possible qu’ils eussent exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that they had exhorted people to vote.
elles eussent exhorté Il est possible qu’elles eussent exhorté les gens à voter. It is possible that they had exhorted people to vote.

Other Conjugations for Exhorter.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb exhorter
    (this article)

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Exhorter – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb grammaticaliser

ByMichael Burns

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) tense conjugation of grammaticaliser. Includes a FREE downloadable reference sheet (no email required).