Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb expectorer

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The English translation of the French verb expectorer is “to expectorate” or “to cough up.”

In French, the infinitive form of expectorer is pronounced as “eks-pehktuh-rey.”

The word “expectorer” comes from the Latin word “expectorare” which means “to expel from the chest.” In everyday French, it is most often used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is a compound tense formed with the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être” in the Subjonctif Imparfait tense followed by the past participle of the verb.

Here are 3 simple examples of its usage in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense:

  1. Il fallait que j’eusse expectoré pour me sentir mieux. (I had to expectorate to feel better.)
  2. J’aurais aimé que tu eusses expectoré avant de venir à l’école. (I wish you had expectorated before coming to school.)
  3. Elle aurait préféré qu’il eût expectoré discrètement. (She would have preferred if he had expectorated discreetly.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of expectorer

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse expectoré J’aurais aimé que je eusse expectoré. I wish I had expectorated.
tu eusses expectoré J’aurais aimé que tu eusses expectoré. I wish you had expectorated.
il eût expectoré J’aurais aimé qu’il eût expectoré. I wish he had expectorated.
elle eût expectoré J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût expectoré. I wish she had expectorated.
on eût expectoré J’aurais aimé qu’on eût expectoré. I wish one had expectorated.
nous eussions expectoré J’aurais aimé que nous eussions expectoré. I wish we had expectorated.
vous eussiez expectoré J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez expectoré. I wish you had expectorated.
ils eussent expectoré J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent expectoré. I wish they had expectorated.
elles eussent expectoré J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent expectoré. I wish they had expectorated.

Other Conjugations for Expectorer.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb expectorer
    (this article)

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Expectorer – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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