Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb joncher

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The English translation of the French verb joncher is “to litter” or “to cover with something.” It is pronounced as [zhohn-shey] in the infinitive form.

The origin of the word “joncher” can be traced back to the Latin word “juncare” which means “to strew with rushes.” This later evolved into “juncare” in Old French and eventually became “joncher” in modern French.

In everyday French, “joncher” is most often used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is a past tense used to express an action that took place before another past action.

Three simple examples of its usage in this tense are:

  1. Il fallait que tu aies jonché le sol de pétales de fleurs avant que les invités n’arrivent. (You had to have littered the floor with flower petals before the guests arrived.)

  2. J’aurais préféré que vous ayez jonché la table de confettis pour la fête. (I would have preferred for you to have covered the table with confetti for the party.)

  3. Il semblait que le vent eût jonché la plage de coquillages. (It seemed that the wind had littered the beach with seashells.)

In each of these examples, “joncher” is used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense to express an action that occurred before another past action. The English translations use the past perfect tense to convey the same meaning.

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of joncher

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse jonché J’aurais aimé que je eusse jonché. I wish I had strewed.
tu eusses jonché J’aurais aimé que tu eusses jonché. I wish you had strewed.
il eût jonché J’aurais aimé qu’il eût jonché. I wish he had strewed.
elle eût jonché J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût jonché. I wish she had strewed.
on eût jonché J’aurais aimé qu’on eût jonché. I wish one had strewed.
nous eussions jonché J’aurais aimé que nous eussions jonché. I wish we had strewed.
vous eussiez jonché J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez jonché. I wish you had strewed.
ils eussent jonché J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent jonché. I wish they had strewed.
elles eussent jonché J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent jonché. I wish they had strewed.

Other Conjugations for Joncher.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb joncher
    (this article)

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Joncher – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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