Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb défolier

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The English translation of the French verb défolier is “to defoliate.” It is pronounced as “day-fo-lee-ay.”

Défolier comes from the Latin word folium, meaning “leaf.” In everyday French, it is most often used to describe the action of removing leaves from plants or trees, either intentionally or unintentionally. In the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, it is used to express an action that would have been completed in the past if certain conditions had been met.

Examples:

  1. Si j’avais suivi les instructions, j’aurais défolié les mauvaises herbes dans mon jardin. (If I had followed the instructions, I would have defoliated the weeds in my garden.)
  2. Les ouvriers avaient défolié les arbres pour faciliter la récolte des fruits. (The workers had defoliated the trees to make it easier to harvest the fruits.)
  3. Nous aurions dû défolier les branches avant l’arrivée de la tempête. (We should have defoliated the branches before the storm arrived.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of défolier

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse défolié Il aurait été préférable que je eusse défolié. It would have been better if I had defoliated.
tu eusses défolié Il aurait été préférable que tu eusses défolié. It would have been better if you had defoliated.
il eût défolié Il aurait été préférable qu’il eût défolié. It would have been better if he had defoliated.
elle eût défolié Il aurait été préférable qu’elle eût défolié. It would have been better if she had defoliated.
on eût défolié Il aurait été préférable qu’on eût défolié. It would have been better if one had defoliated.
nous eussions défolié Il aurait été préférable que nous eussions défolié. It would have been better if we had defoliated.
vous eussiez défolié Il aurait été préférable que vous eussiez défolié. It would have been better if you had defoliated.
ils eussent défolié Il aurait été préférable qu’ils eussent défolié. It would have been better if they had defoliated.
elles eussent défolié Il aurait été préférable qu’elles eussent défolié. It would have been better if they had defoliated.

Other Conjugations for Défolier.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défolier
    (this article)

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Défolier – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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