Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb défrayer

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The English translation of the French verb défrayer is “to pay, to defray.” It is pronounced as “day-fray-yay.”

Défrayer comes from the Old French word “defraier,” which means “to pay for, to defray.” It is derived from the Latin word “dis,” meaning “away” and “frayer,” meaning “to bear the expense.” In everyday French, défrayer is most often used in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense, which is used to express a past action that was supposed to take place before another past action.

Here are three simple examples of défrayer in the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait tense:

  1. J’avais défrayé les dépenses avant que tu ne m’en demandes le remboursement. (I had paid the expenses before you asked me for reimbursement.)

  2. Elle avait défrayé les billets d’avion avant que nous ne partions en vacances. (She had paid for the plane tickets before we went on vacation.)

  3. Ils avaient défrayé le dîner avant que je ne réalise que j’avais oublié mon porte-monnaie. (They had paid for dinner before I realized I had forgotten my wallet.)

Table of the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of défrayer

Pronoun Conjugation Example Usage English Translation
je eusse défrayé J’aurais aimé que je eusse défrayé. I wish I had defrayed.
tu eusses défrayé J’aurais aimé que tu eusses défrayé. I wish you had defrayed.
il eût défrayé J’aurais aimé qu’il eût défrayé. I wish he had defrayed.
elle eût défrayé J’aurais aimé qu’elle eût défrayé. I wish she had defrayed.
on eût défrayé J’aurais aimé qu’on eût défrayé. I wish one had defrayed.
nous eussions défrayé J’aurais aimé que nous eussions défrayé. I wish we had defrayed.
vous eussiez défrayé J’aurais aimé que vous eussiez défrayé. I wish you had defrayed.
ils eussent défrayé J’aurais aimé qu’ils eussent défrayé. I wish they had defrayed.
elles eussent défrayé J’aurais aimé qu’elles eussent défrayé. I wish they had defrayed.

Other Conjugations for Défrayer.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb défrayer
    (this article)

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Défrayer – About the French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense

The French Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, also known as the Pluperfect Subjunctive, is a verb tense used to express actions or states that occurred before another action in the past, and it’s used in situations where the indicative mood is in the past subjunctive or conditional mood.
NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation

To form the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait, you start with the imperfect subjunctive form of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
For “avoir” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “avoir” (e.g., j’eusse, tu eusses, il/elle eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils/elles eussent). Add the past participle of the main verb. 
For “être” verbs: Take the imperfect subjunctive form of “être” (e.g., je fusse, tu fusses, il/elle fût, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils/elles fussent). Add the past participle of the main verb.

Common Everyday Usage Patterns

Hypothetical Situations

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is often used to express hypothetical or unreal actions that occurred before another past action.
For example: J’aurais aimé que tu aies fini ton travail avant que je sois arrivé. (I would have liked for you to have finished your work before I arrived.) 

Reported Speech

In reported speech, you may use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait to convey what someone said or thought in the past. 
For example: Il m’a dit qu’il avait peur que je n’aie pas compris. (He told me that he was afraid that I hadn’t understood.) 

Doubt, Wishes, and Emotions

This tense can also be used to express doubt, wishes, and emotions about past actions. 
For example: Je doutais qu’il eût dit la vérité. (I doubted that he had told the truth.) 
J’aurais souhaité que tu fusses venu. (I would have wished for you to have come.)

Interactions with Other Tenses

Present Subjunctive

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to describe past actions when the main verb is in the present subjunctive. 
For example: “Il faut que j’aie fini mon travail avant que tu partes.” (I must have finished my work before you leave.) 

Imperfect Subjunctive

It’s common to use the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait with the imperfect subjunctive in complex sentences. 
For example: “Il m’avait dit qu’il fût rentré avant la fin de la journée.” (He had told me that he had returned before the end of the day.) 

Conditional

When the main verb is in the conditional mood, the Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait can be used to express past unreal conditions. 
For example: “Si j’avais su, j’aurais voulu que tu aies réussi.” (If I had known, I would have wanted you to have succeeded.)

Summary

The Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait is a complex tense used to convey nuanced meanings in French. While its usage may seem intricate, it becomes more intuitive with practice and exposure to the language. It’s important to understand the context in which it’s used, as it often conveys subtleties of time, conditionality, and emotion in French sentences.

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