Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb bornoyer

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The English translation of the French verb bornoyer is “to squint” or “to look askance.” It is pronounced as “bor-noy-ay.”

Bornoyer comes from the Old French word “borne,” meaning “lance” or “spear.” It was originally used to describe the action of aiming a spear, and later evolved to mean “to squint” or “to take aim.”

In everyday French, bornoyer is most often used in the Passé Antérieur tense, which is the literary past tense used to describe an action that happened before another past action. It is formed by combining the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être” in the past tense, with the past participle of the verb.

Some examples of bornoyer in the Passé Antérieur tense are:

  1. Il eut bornoyé vers le ciel pour mieux voir les étoiles. (He had squinted towards the sky to better see the stars.)
  2. Quand elle fut entrée dans la pièce, elle l’eut bornoyé avec suspicion. (When she had entered the room, she had squinted at him suspiciously.)
  3. Ayant terminé son discours, le politicien eut bornoyé la foule avant de quitter la scène. (Having finished his speech, the politician had squinted at the crowd before leaving the stage.)

In all of these examples, the Passé Antérieur tense is used to indicate that the action of squinting happened before another past action. In English, we would use the simple past tense, but in French, the Passé Antérieur is often used in literary or formal contexts.

Table of the Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of bornoyer

Pronoun Conjugation Short Example English Translation
je j’eusse J’eusse bornoyé I had winked
tu tu eusses Tu eusses bornoyé You had winked
il il eût Il eût bornoyé He had winked
elle elle eût Elle eût bornoyé She had winked
on on eût On eût bornoyé One had winked
nous nous eûmes Nous eûmes bornoyé We had winked
vous vous eûtes Vous eûtes bornoyé You had winked
ils ils eurent Ils eurent bornoyé They had winked
elles elles eurent Elles eurent bornoyé They had winked

Other Conjugations for Bornoyer.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer (this article)

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb bornoyer

    Struggling with French verbs or the language in general? Why not use our free French Grammar Checker – no registration required!
   

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Bornoyer – About the French Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense

The French Passé Antérieur tense, often referred to as the “past anterior” in English, is a literary and formal past tense that is not commonly used in everyday spoken French. It is primarily found in written language, particularly in literature, historical texts, and formal writing. This tense is used to express actions that occurred before another action in the past, serving a similar purpose to the past perfect tense (passé composé) in English.

NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation of the Passé Antérieur

The Passé Antérieur is formed by using the third person singular of the passé simple (simple past) tense of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
The choice between “avoir” and “être” as the auxiliary verb depends on the main verb and its transitivity or intransitivity. Here is the basic structure:
1. For verbs that use “avoir” as the auxiliary verb:
   – J’eus (I had) + past participle (of the main verb)
2. For verbs that use “être” as the auxiliary verb:
   – Je fus (I was) + past participle (of the main verb)

Common Usage Patterns

As mentioned earlier, the Passé Antérieur is primarily used in formal and literary contexts. It is rarely used in everyday spoken French, where the passé composé and imparfait are more commonly used to express past actions. Some common patterns of usage include:

Literature

The Passé Antérieur is frequently used in literature to describe past events in a succinct and formal manner.

Historical Texts

It is used in historical narratives to recount past actions and events.

Formal Writing

In formal and academic writing, the Passé Antérieur can be employed to convey events in the past with a sense of formality and precision.

Interactions with Other Tenses

The Passé Antérieur often interacts with other tenses, especially when narrating past events in a chronological order:

Passé Composé (Present Perfect)

The Passé Antérieur can be used to indicate an action that occurred before another action expressed in the passé composé. For example: “Il eut terminé son travail avant que je ne sois arrivé.” (He had finished his work before I arrived).

Imparfait (Imperfect)

The Passé Antérieur may be used in conjunction with the imparfait to convey a sequence of past actions. For instance: “Elle arriva après que nous eûmes commencé.” (She arrived after we had started).

Futur Antérieur (Future Perfect)

In the context of storytelling or narration, the Passé Antérieur can be used to describe events that happened before a future action expressed in the futur antérieur. For example: “Il partira après qu’il aura fini.” (He will leave after he has finished).

Summary

Passé Antérieur is a formal past tense used in written language and literary contexts to describe actions that occurred before another action in the past. It is not commonly used in everyday spoken French where you should instead use the passé composé and imparfait for discussing past events.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb bornoyer. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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