Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

ByMichael Burns

Introduction to the verb calquer

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The English translation of the French verb calquer is “to copy” or “to trace.” It is pronounced “kal-keh.”

The word “calquer” comes from the Latin word “calcāre,” meaning “to stamp” or “to press.” It entered the French language in the 16th century and originally meant “to trace a design onto paper or canvas.” Over time, it took on the broader meaning of copying or imitating.

In everyday French, “calquer” is most often used in the Passé Antérieur tense, which is the literary past tense and expresses an action that occurred before another past action. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être” in the passé simple tense and adding the past participle of the main verb.

Here are three examples of “calquer” used in the Passé Antérieur tense with their English translations:

  1. J’ai calqué son dessin avant de le colorier.
    (I traced his drawing before coloring it.)

  2. Elle a calqué le style de sa mère dans sa façon de s’habiller.
    (She copied her mother’s style in the way she dressed.)

  3. Nous avons calqué notre stratégie sur celle de nos concurrents.
    (We copied our strategy from our competitors.)

In all of these examples, “calquer” is used to indicate the action of copying or imitating something. It is often used in a negative context, implying a lack of originality or creativity. However, it can also be used neutrally or positively to simply describe the act of copying.

Table of the Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of calquer

Pronoun Conjugation Short Example English Translation
je j’eusse J’eusse calqué I had traced
tu tu eusses Tu eusses calqué You had traced
il il eût Il eût calqué He had traced
elle elle eût Elle eût calqué She had traced
on on eût On eût calqué One had traced
nous nous eûmes Nous eûmes calqué We had traced
vous vous eûtes Vous eûtes calqué You had traced
ils ils eurent Ils eurent calqué They had traced
elles elles eurent Elles eurent calqué They had traced

Other Conjugations for Calquer.

   
    Le Present (Present Tense) Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Imparfait (Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Passé Simple (Simple Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Passé Composé (Present Perfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Futur Simple (Simple Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Futur Proche (Near Future) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer (this article)

    Futur Antérieur (Future Anterior) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    Subjonctif Présent (Subjunctive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    Subjonctif Passé (Subjunctive Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Subjonctif Imparfait (Subjunctive Imperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    Subjonctif Plus-que-parfait (Subjunctive Pluperfect) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Conditionnel Présent (Conditional Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer
   

    Conditionnel Passé (Conditional Past) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    L’impératif Présent (Imperative Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    L’infinitif Présent (Infinitive Present) Tense Conjugation of the French Verb calquer

    Struggling with French verbs or the language in general? Why not use our free French Grammar Checker – no registration required!
   

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Calquer – About the French Passé Antérieur (Past Anterior) Tense

The French Passé Antérieur tense, often referred to as the “past anterior” in English, is a literary and formal past tense that is not commonly used in everyday spoken French. It is primarily found in written language, particularly in literature, historical texts, and formal writing. This tense is used to express actions that occurred before another action in the past, serving a similar purpose to the past perfect tense (passé composé) in English.

NOTE: To take a deep dive into all the French tenses then see my article on Mastering French Tense Conjugation.

Formation of the Passé Antérieur

The Passé Antérieur is formed by using the third person singular of the passé simple (simple past) tense of the auxiliary verb “avoir” or “être,” followed by the past participle of the main verb. 
The choice between “avoir” and “être” as the auxiliary verb depends on the main verb and its transitivity or intransitivity. Here is the basic structure:
1. For verbs that use “avoir” as the auxiliary verb:
   – J’eus (I had) + past participle (of the main verb)
2. For verbs that use “être” as the auxiliary verb:
   – Je fus (I was) + past participle (of the main verb)

Common Usage Patterns

As mentioned earlier, the Passé Antérieur is primarily used in formal and literary contexts. It is rarely used in everyday spoken French, where the passé composé and imparfait are more commonly used to express past actions. Some common patterns of usage include:

Literature

The Passé Antérieur is frequently used in literature to describe past events in a succinct and formal manner.

Historical Texts

It is used in historical narratives to recount past actions and events.

Formal Writing

In formal and academic writing, the Passé Antérieur can be employed to convey events in the past with a sense of formality and precision.

Interactions with Other Tenses

The Passé Antérieur often interacts with other tenses, especially when narrating past events in a chronological order:

Passé Composé (Present Perfect)

The Passé Antérieur can be used to indicate an action that occurred before another action expressed in the passé composé. For example: “Il eut terminé son travail avant que je ne sois arrivé.” (He had finished his work before I arrived).

Imparfait (Imperfect)

The Passé Antérieur may be used in conjunction with the imparfait to convey a sequence of past actions. For instance: “Elle arriva après que nous eûmes commencé.” (She arrived after we had started).

Futur Antérieur (Future Perfect)

In the context of storytelling or narration, the Passé Antérieur can be used to describe events that happened before a future action expressed in the futur antérieur. For example: “Il partira après qu’il aura fini.” (He will leave after he has finished).

Summary

Passé Antérieur is a formal past tense used in written language and literary contexts to describe actions that occurred before another action in the past. It is not commonly used in everyday spoken French where you should instead use the passé composé and imparfait for discussing past events.

I hope you enjoyed this article on the verb calquer. Still in a learning mood? Check out another TOTALLY random French verb conjugation!

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